粉砂质高回淤港口与航道疏浚扰动减淤数值模拟研究
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作者：莫志芳1 毛晓翀1 路川藤2 王松1
单位：
1. 中交广航疏浚有限公司, 广东 广州 510000;
2. 南京水利科学研究院, 江苏 南京 210029
分类号：P731.21
出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第六期（34-45）
摘要：射阳海域受强潮动力、高含沙量及平缓地形影响，港口与航道泥沙回淤速率快、维护成本高。针对粉砂质港口减淤需求，建立射阳海域二维潮流泥沙数学模型，提出基于落潮动力调控的疏浚扰动减淤方法。研究表明：疏浚扰动可显著提升泥沙外输效率，港区泥沙扰动后，大潮落潮期8.86%的扰动泥沙输出至航道口门外（小潮为3.66%），且扰动区越靠近口门，外输比例越高（达15%～50%）；扰动泥沙二次淤积呈现空间分异特征，在口门内二次淤积占比中，大潮期占46.25%、小潮期占49.74%，扰动区下游2 km范围淤积量占口门内淤积总量的60%～70%；径流量增大后，泥沙外输比显著提升，二次淤积占比下降。
关键词：射阳港与航道 疏浚扰动 数值模拟 泥沙淤积
Abstract：The Sheyang coastal area is influenced by strong tidal dynamics, high sediment concentration, and gentle topography, leading to rapid siltation and high maintenance costs in its ports and navigation channels. To address the sediment reduction demands of silt-prone ports, this study establishes a two-dimensional tidal current and sediment transport mathematical model for the Sheyang coastal area and proposes a dredging disturbance method for sediment reduction based on ebb-tide dynamic regulation. The results show that dredging disturbance significantly enhances sediment transport efficiency. After sediment disturbance in the port area, 8.86% of the disturbed sediment are transported outside the channel entrance during spring tide ebb（3.66% during neap tide）,with higher export ratios（15%～50%） observed when disturbance zones are closer to the entrance. The secondary siltation of disturbed sediment exhibites spatial heterogeneity: 46.25% of the disturbed sediment redeposites within the channel during spring tide（49.74% during neap tide）, and 60%～70% of the total redeposition within the entrance occurs within 2 km downstream of the disturbance zones. Increased river discharge further improves sediment export ratios and reduces secondary siltation.
Key words：Sheyang Port and Channel; dredging disturbance; numerical simulation; siltation and sedimentation
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