作者：《环球时报》记者报道

核心观点

快思慢想研究院院长、特邀评论员田丰近日接受《环球时报》采访，针对AI影响就业问题表示:

一、“重构”是岗位升级，核心是提升人的价值

工信部副部长张云明讲“重构不等于消失，迭代不等于替代”，点出了问题的本质。AI最擅长的是处理重复、枯燥、有特定流程的繁重任务。这会倒逼我们人类更加专注于AI不擅长的领域：创造性思维、情感交流、复杂决策。政策大力推动“人工智能+制造业”的复合型人才培养，正是因为未来的工厂里，操作工人需要懂得与AI机器人协作，从“动手”的执行者转向“动脑”的指挥官，去处理异常、优化流程、工艺创新。这就像是以前从驾马车变为开汽车，虽然工具变了，但核心目的都是更高效、安全地抵达目的地，而对“司机”的技能要求更高了。

二、AI时代，“不会用AI”可能像“不会用手机”一样被动

大家还记得20年前不会上网的人找工作多难吗？未来AI技能也会成为基础要求：设计公司招聘AI技能设计师，会用AI工具生成初稿的应聘者优先录用；连家政阿姨都需要学会用AI助手匹配客户需求，提升服务效率。政策的核心任务之一就是开展大规模培训，比如河南已把AI应用课程纳入免费职业技能培训，考证还能领补贴，让送外卖的小哥、退休再就业的阿姨都有机会学AI。

三、防止AI“跑太快”，保障就业公平

AI可能加剧收入差距（比如掌握AI技术的程序员收入高，传统岗位被挤压），政策要通过“就业监测”和“保障机制”踩刹车：对AI替代岗位快的行业（如客服中心）进行预警，提前组织转岗培训；探索“AI贡献税”，用税收支持受影响劳动者的社保。这就像交通规则，既让AI这辆快车跑起来，又设置红绿灯保护行人。

中文版

《环球时报》记者报道

2026年1月6日，一只四足电力巡检机器狗在江苏省苏州市姑松区环体路上行走。其未来主义的设计吸引了人群，为街道增添了一抹"智能"色彩。视觉中国供图

据新华社1月27日报道，随着人工智能技术的快速应用持续重塑劳动力市场，中国将推出一系列政策措施，应对AI对就业产生的影响。

人力资源和社会保障部在1月27日的新闻发布会上表示，将发布官方文件以应对人工智能对就业的影响，并促进就业。人社部还指出，有关部门将针对重点行业制定有针对性的就业支持措施，并加强对高校毕业生和年轻求职者等重点群体的就业援助。

就如何平衡人工智能等技术发展可能带来的就业岗位减少问题，工业和信息化部副部长张云明在1月21日表示，技术进步往往会带来就业模式的重构和工作岗位的演变。"然而，重构并不意味着消失，演变也不等同于替代。我们应该用发展的眼光动态地看待问题。"张云明说。

快思慢想研究院院长、原商汤科技智能产业研究院创始院长田丰1月27日对《环球时报》表示，政府正大力推动"人工智能+制造业"领域复合型人才的培养，因为在未来的工厂中，操作人员需要懂得如何与人工智能机器人协作以优化流程，并推动工艺创新。田丰说，这类似于"从驾驶马车到开汽车的转变"。虽然工具变了，但核心目标仍然是更高效、更安全地到达目的地，关键是对"驾驶员"的技能要求更高了。

人工智能正在对就业市场产生重大影响。世界经济论坛发布的《2025年未来就业报告》预测，主要由于技术变革，到2030年将创造1.7亿个新岗位，同时有9200万个岗位被替代，净增7800万个就业岗位。

中国新一代人工智能发展战略研究院首席经济学家刘钢1月27日对《环球时报》表示，人工智能的发展一方面会使一些岗位过时，但同时也会创造新的就业机会。关键在于通过培训帮助现有劳动力适应人工智能的发展，使他们能够成功转型到新的工作岗位。刘钢补充说，必须通过培训使现有劳动力适应人工智能发展，并帮助他们过渡到新的工作机会。

工信部张云明副部长指出，每个国家在发展人工智能的过程中都面临类似的挑战。他表示，工信部将坚持应用牵引，充分发挥人工智能的创新能力，推动组织模式、工作方式和生产范式的重构。同时，将不断提升劳动者的人工智能素养，培养更多精通人工智能和制造业的复合型人才。

英文版

China to unveil new policy to address AI's impact on employment

By GT staff reporters

China will roll out a set of policy measures to address the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on employment as rapid technological adoption has reshaped the country's labor market, the Xinhua News Agency reported on Tuesday.

The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said on Tuesday at a press briefing that an official document will be released to respond to the AI's impact on jobs and promote employment.

The relevant authorities will also introduce targeted employment support measures for key industries and expand assistance for priority groups, including university graduates and young job-seekers, according to the ministry.

Responding to how to balance the potential job losses brought by new technologies including development of artificial intelligence, Zhang Yunming, vice-minister of industry and information technology, said on January 21 that technological progress often brings about the restructuring of employment patterns and the evolution of job positions.

"However, restructuring does not mean disappearance, and evolution does not mean replacement. We should view problems in motion from a developmental perspective," Zhang said.

The government is vigorously promoting the cultivation of interdisciplinary talent in "AI + manufacturing," precisely because in the factories of the future, operators will need to know how to collaborate with AI robots to optimize processes, and drive innovation in craftsmanship, Tian Feng, president of the Fast Think Institute and former dean of SenseTime's Intelligence Industry Research Institute told the Global Times on Tuesday.

It's similar to the "transition from driving a horse-drawn carriage to operating a car." Although the tools have changed, the core goal remains to reach the destination more efficiently and safely, while the skill requirements for the "driver" have become higher, Tian said.

AI is having a major impact on the world of work. The accelerating advance of artificial intelligence and emerging technologies is fundamentally reshaping societies and economies, creating both opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, AI brings enhanced productivity, new business models and growth, and on the other hand, challenges exist around worker displacement and an exacerbation of existing socio-economic disparities.

The World Economic Forum's Future of Jobs Report 2025, predicts that - mainly due to technological changes - this decade will see the creation of 170 million new jobs, offset by the displacement of 92 million positions, resulting in a net increase of 78 million jobs.

Last year witnessed China's AI industry flourishing with remarkable vitality and achievements. Domestic companies launched multiple AI chips, while AI-powered devices such as AI phones, AI computers, and AI glasses started to enter households across the country. Currently, AI applications have been deployed across key industries such as steel, non-ferrous metals, energy, and telecommunications.

The development of artificial intelligence will, on one hand, render some job positions obsolete. However, it will simultaneously create new job opportunities. Therefore, the key lies in enabling the existing workforce to adapt to the advancement of AI through training, helping them secure new jobs, Liu Gang, chief economist of the Chinese Institute of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Strategies, told the Global Times on Tuesday.

It is crucial to enable the existing workforce to adapt to the development of AI through training and help them transition to new job opportunities, Liu added.

Zhang from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology noted that every country faces similar challenges in the process of developing AI.

The ministry will adhere to an application-driven approach, fully leverage AI innovations, and promote the restructuring of organizational models, work methods, and production paradigms. At the same time, it will continuously enhance workers' AI literacy and cultivate more compound talent who are proficient in both AI and manufacturing, according to Zhang.

 该图片可能由AI生成

书名：《AI商业进化论：“人工智能+”赋能新质生产力发展》

出版社：人民邮电出版社

作者：田丰

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