Best Cover | The Innovation “最美封面”评选 (2020-2025)

Humans have created civilization, promoting history moving in a spiral. Emerging theories and technologies bring development and prosperity, but with emergent global challenges. Today, we are witnessing the beginning of a new era, which is dominated by artificial intelligence. We have never been as eager for innovation as we are today, in order to explore the future of science.

200万年前人类的诞生，开启了地球高智慧生命活动的序幕。秉承着创造创新、格物穷理的品质，人类在蓝色星球上前仆后继、勇往直前，推动了波澜壮阔的文明进程。科学探索已至大而又尽微。当前，人类科技日新月异。以人工智能为代表的第四次科技革命即将登上历史的舞台。学科方向的多样性和高度分化正在重塑人类社会。与此同时，人类也面临着各种全球性挑战，如气候变化、重疾传染。根植于人类文明之基，交叉、合作、跨学科的创新，或将成为人类未来概念创立、技术提升、难题攻克的时代特征。立足家园，面向深空，科技的未来是怎样的五彩斑斓？这将给人类社会和人类文明的发展留下了无限的期待……

Cancer is a complicated disease by genetic mutations. Loads of scientists and doctors had been making history to cancer research and clinical management. Now we're in the era of precision medicine and it is possible to conquest cancers via multidisciplinary collaboration in the near future.

癌症。它是基因突变导致的复杂疾病。前赴后继的科学家和医学家在癌症研究和临床治疗上不断创造历史。封面梳理了200多年来癌症研究历程上的标志性事件。当前处在精准医学时代，多学科团队的精诚合作将有望为人类最终战胜癌症带来福音。

White background and black font are used to commemorate the death of COVID-19 patients in this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We hope that, under the guide of earth sustainable development and deep space exploration, the whole world will become better and better through the humanity efforts together.

新冠病毒。它已造成全球近6000万人感染，近140万人死亡，给人类社会投下挥之不去的阴影。本期封面以科学艺术的手法展现新冠病毒对肺部的入侵，藉以祭奠所有被新冠肺炎夺去的生命。我们坚信唯有科学的发展，技术的创新，才是冲破黑暗和空间的光亮。祈愿这个世界在可持续发展的理念指导下，变得越来越美好。

Human civilization has been boosted by the development of chemistry, from fire-using to artificial fuels and chemicals. The advancement of chemistry brings us closer than ever to the nature of microscopic universe. Now, chemists are playing a critical role to develop green energy and intelligent materials. For a bright future of humanity, more and more breakthroughs in chemical technology are needed.

从人类用火到人造燃料和化学品，人类文明的进步与化学的发展息息相关。突破性的化学发现让我们比以往更为接近分子微观宇宙变化的本质。如今，化学家在发展绿色能源和智能材料等方面扮演至关重要的角色。未来，化学领域需要更多的突破性成果，以创造更为美好的人类世界。

Earth, home of human beings, is 70% water and 30% land which has nurtured splendid civilizations and flourishing lives. The cover story of this issue reflects the evolution of Earth by merging an unknown planet in a unified scene with different landscapes throughout the history such as glacier, desert, ocean, mountain, river and magma. The contrast between the past to reality can best illustrate our respect to our motherland. It is not only the subjects of geoscience studies, but also the common goal of all multidisciplinary research and the shared duties of mankind to understand, care and protect our planet to build a better future.

地球，人类赖以生存的家园。经过长时间的演化，地球才呈现出三分陆地七分海洋的格局，孕育出灿烂的文明和繁茂的生物。本期封面以映射的手法，将一个未知星球的冰原、荒漠、海洋、高山、大河、熔岩等元素融合而成，并与现实地球遥相呼应，承接着对地球的敬畏。如何准确认识、呵护并努力建设更好的家园？这不仅是地球科学研究的范畴，更是多学科合作努力的方向！

About 100,000 years ago, diverse Homo species coexisted with our own species Homo sapiens. The Harbin cranium, or the Dragon Man, is one of the best preserved Middle Pleistocene human fossils. The cranium has a large cranial capacity falling in the range of modern humans but is combined with a mosaic of primitive and derived characters. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the diversification of the Homo genus had a much more distant past than previously presumed. The Harbin cranium and some other Middle Pleistocene human fossils from China represent the third human lineage that is the sister group of H. sapiens and has closer relationships with H. sapiens than Neanderthals with H. sapiens. Multiple Homo lineages in Africa, Asia, and Europe probably had a strong capability for long-distance dispersal but remained in relatively small and isolated populations. Diverse palaeoenvironments in Asia may have produced a varied biogeographic sink for human evolution.

Homo longi (Dragon Man) 龙人。大约十万年前，多种人类物种与我们自身所属的物种（即智人）共存。哈尔滨古人类头骨，因源于黑龙江而被称为“龙人”，是保存最完好的中更新世人类化石之一。这个头骨的脑容量很大，落入到现代人脑容量变异范围；同时具有古老类型和进步类型的镶嵌式特征组合。系统发育分析表明，人属的多样性分异比以前认为的要遥远得多。哈尔滨头骨和其他在东亚地区独立演化的中更新世人类化石代表了古人类第三个支系，是智人的姊妹群。这个支系的古人类与智人的关系比尼安德特人与智人的关系更密切。非洲、亚洲和欧洲的多个人类支系可能具有很强的长距离扩散能力，但仍处于相对较小和孤立的种群中。亚洲多样化的古环境可能为人类进化产生了多样化的生物地理之汇。

Nourished by the gigantic data and empowered by increasing computing facilities, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is setting us free from many burdensome routines. With AI muscles, we have become faster and smarter than ever. AI is reshaping the future of industries and our lives, enabling paradigm shifts in many disciplines of science and even paving the road to the metaverse. But scientists are still facing endless choices to navigate their innovation processes as previously. Meanwhile, collaborations are urgently needed amongst researchers from multidisciplinary studies. So we do hope the shared values of truth, righteousness, and peace can be cherished deeply to make our blue planet a better place for the whole ecosystem. 

Artificial Intelligence (人工智能)。海量数据和人类未来在科学艺术的渲染下，深度刻画人类与AI融合跨越元宇宙之门的意境和姿态。算力不断增强的设施缓解了人类应对日常繁琐冗余信息的压力，让工作、生活更加高效、智能。AI在重塑行业发展和未来生活的同时，充分展现了多学科交叉的研究范式转变，为通向无限可能的虚拟现实世界创造条件。创新之路，仍迫切需要研究者们的跨学科合作。面向未来，我们衷心希望通过你我谨守“真理、正义、和平”等共同的价值观，使我们赖以生存的蓝色星球上的整个生态系统更加繁荣！ 

Vivid life is everywhere in this blue planet. In this cover, four seasons are illustrated with diverse lives that are the traces of entire ecosystem circle. What a natural harmony! From birth to death, each species has its own life cycle and innate mechanisms decoded and to be decoded by scientists. The destiny of life cycle can be revealed by genome within a cell as the core of living beings. The more scientific discoveries about the core, the higher possibilities to disclose the truth of life. For sustainable development of our planet, it is important to build up one co-existing ecosystem for all living things.

生命痕迹(Trace of Life); 以生命的“生长、繁荣、湮灭”为主题。阳光普照，万物生辉。春色荣荣，是生命萌发的谐趣；荫凉蔽日，有酷夏闲情的趣味；秋日温馨，生命相依；雪山高耸，白鸟远行；生命之舟，浩浩荡荡。惊鸿一瞥间，无数细小的生命，汇聚成江海，缓缓地流向下一个更始。

The development of advanced materials to serve the needs of mankind and society is the mission of material scientists. Nowadays, material scientists are creating new materials with rich properties and functional applications by playing with various structures, from atomic-scale to macro-scale, making life better.

材料科学(Materials Science)。 好材料让生活更美好！材料科学家孜孜不倦地为人类和社会开发新的先进材料。随着物理和化学的发展，材料合成如同弹奏迷人的钢琴曲，有着无限的可能......从原子层面到宏观层面，材料科学家创造了各种具备意想不到的神奇特性和功能的各种结构。材料研究不断涌现的新成果为人类探索和发展奠定了坚实基础。

Medicine is the practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. With the advances in medical science, human beings are getting both longer life spans and higher quality of life. From herbs to molecular signatures, humankind is experiencing a transition from traditional medicine to personalized medicine: the right treatment to the right patient at the right time. However, it is not so easy to achieve this goal because the etiology of most diseases and disorders is still unclear. From description to association, numerous researchers are working together to decipher the mechanisms behind disease. To address such challenges, more and more global collaborations are badly needed to include experts from all disciplines: not just doctors, scientists and administration staff, but also engineers, technicians and marketing managers. Not limited to a fish-eye view, we humans should widen our vision and get more deep insights beyond the human community. That is the right way to assure sustainable healthcare for humanity.

医学科学(Medical Science)。医学是人类维护健康和预防疾病的重要科学。随着医学的进步，人类寿命延长，生活质量提高。从草药到分子通路，人类正经历从传统医学到精准医学的转变：在合适的时间为合适的患者提供合适的治疗。然而，要实现这一目标并不容易，因为大多数疾病的病因不明。从描述到关联，众多科研人员正在共同努力破译疾病背后的机制。为了应对这些挑战，迫切需要越来越多的全球合作，包括来自所有学科的专家：不仅仅是医生、科学家和行政人员，还应该包括工程师、技术人员和营销人员。不局限于一隅，应拓宽视野；甚至跳出人类社会的范畴，在更广阔的视野审视人类进程。也许，这才是确保人类可持续卫生保健的正确方式。

The pace of science and technology is accelerating, and the future is arriving much faster. During the great process of reaching the future, the now highly comprehensive and interdisciplinary network of science, so-called “ScienceX” by The Innovation, plays a more important role than ever before. We believe the development of interdisciplinary science and technology concerns our destiny in the coming future.

交叉科学(ScienceX: Interdisciplinary Science)。当今世界，科学与技术加速发展、日新月异，未来触手可及！在这一过程中，伴随各基础学科的深度交叉融合，无数影响人类未来的崭新科学技术方向和应用相继诞生。交叉科学水乳交融的特点愈发明显，科学家的创新思想闪耀着星辰一样的光芒！数学与芯片及大规模集成电路，生物技术与大脑科学及人工智能、天文物理与星辰大海……这些成就无不依赖于从基础到交叉的科学技术发展。面向未来，交叉科学大步向前！

The rising in the popularity of big data, artificial intelligence, and simulation technologies has opened up new opportunities for the development of our society. The close integration of real and artificial societies has become a trend, bringing in novel concepts such as parallel society and metaverse. The artificial society system describes, predicts, and guides the real society system, in a closed-loop, iterative, and spiral-rising way, forming a new mode of social operation driven by Data-AI-Simulation techniques. In the future, with the further development of interdisciplinary cooperation and the continuous advancement of technologies, living in metaverse is within reach.

平行社会 (Parallel Society)。近年来大数据、人工智能、仿真等技术发展迅速，不断融入人们的生产生活，给社会的发展带来了新契机。真实社会和人工社会的深度耦合、虚实交融成为新趋势，平行社会与元宇宙等思想应运而生。人工社会系统描述、预测、引导真实社会系统，虚实闭环，迭代优化，螺旋上升，形成了一种数智仿真驱动驱动的社会运行新模式。面向未来，随着跨学科合作的进一步发展和技术的不断进步，虚实融生的生活近在咫尺！

The Sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean energy to the Earth. Development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient and imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent and sustainable human society.

柔性光伏（Flexible Photovoltaics）。太阳孕育了生命万物，也为地球带来了取之不尽的清洁能源。以柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池为代表的柔性光伏技术的发展有望摆脱以往集中式光伏的应用场景束缚。大到深空探测器、曲面光伏，小到可穿戴设备、物联网传感器，柔性光伏技术与未来科学技术的有机结合将使太阳光能量的采集和利用变得更加灵活便捷、充满想象力，将助力构建更加信息化、智能化、可持续发展的人类社会。

Astronomy is the most ancient discipline, educating curious man in various ways, telling the oldest secrets of the universe, revealing the astonishing truths of the Planetary, Stellar, Galaxy, Blackhole, ancient universe and so on. Astronomy, in its unique way, is always recording the growth of human civilization and outlines a vast and splendid space for humankind.

Astronomy（天文学）。遂古之初，谁传道之？天何所沓？十二焉分？日月安属？列星安陈？天文学是最古老的学科，以各种方式教化着好奇的人类，耐心的诉说着宇宙最古老的秘密；静静的为人类打开越来越奇妙的“盲盒”：行星系统、恒星物理、星系演化、宇宙背景辐射、黑洞等等。天文学以其独有的方式，记录着人类文明的成长，也为人类勾勒了广袤无垠的绚烂空间。

In recent years, driven by the new round of scientific and technological revolution, the transportation industry is undergoing unprecedented and significant changes. Emerging transport vehicles include autonomous vehicle and flying car. Some innovative operational modes appear, like Mobility as a Service and shared mobility. Meanwhile, advanced informatics technology, such as Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things, is also joining the way to make a better traffic. All of the progress has facilitated the emergence of Advanced Urban Aerial Mobility, a new paradigm for future transportation. The system is based on providing high-quality services as its core and the principles of energy-saving and environmental protection, making urban travel more enjoyable. This common scene in science fiction is no longer far-reaching.

空中交通系统（Aerial Mobility）。近年来，在新一轮科技革命的推动下，交通行业正在经历前所未有的重大变革。新兴的运载工具（例如飞行汽车和无人驾驶汽车）、创新的运营模式（例如出行即服务和共享出行）以及先进的信息通讯技术（例如人工智能和物联网）促进了未来交通的新范式——城市先进空中交通系统的诞生。这个系统以提供高质量服务为核心，以节能环保为准则，让城市出行更便捷！这种科幻片中的场景已不再遥远！

In recent years, driven by the new round of scientific and technological revolution coupled with carbon neutrality, the energy structure is undergoing unprecedented changes. Biomass energy can be obtained from abundant resources by a number of application ways, which is zero-carbon and has unique effect of carbon negative emission. Meanwhile, advanced conversion technologies, such as BECCS, pyrolysis, and biohydrogen, are also joining the way to make a better bioenergy. Clean products of biomass have been promoted to a prospective future. Combination of biomass energy development and advanced technology will realize a more flexible and imaginative use of biomass, contributing to a green, low-carbon and sustainable development. For a bright and recyclable future, we should improve the use of biomass energy and unlock its huge potential for energy conservation and carbon reduction.

生物质能（Biomass Energy）：近年来在新一轮科技革命和碳达峰碳中和的推动下，能源体系正在经历前所未有的重大变革。生物质能资源丰富、应用灵活、零碳属性、负碳排放作用以及先进的转化技术（例如BECCS、炭化裂解、生物制氢）促进了未来生物质能清洁产品的大发展。生物质能开发与未来先进技术的有机结合将使生物质能应用更加灵活多样、充满想象，将助力经济社会绿色低碳发展。加强生物质能的开发利用，发挥生物质能的巨大节能降碳潜力，能够让我们生产生活方式更加绿色化、循环化、低碳化。

Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a catastrophic cardiovascular disease with fatal outcomes. Pathophysiologically, ATAAD itself triggers an intensive systemic inflammatory response, cardiopulmonary bypass, hemodilution, hypothermia and transfusion during the surgery further exacerbates inflammatory storm, potentially leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Along with surgical evolutions, scientists have made new discoveries and achievements in the underlying mechanism and understanding of inflammation of ATAAD, which greatly encourage us to optimize treatment for ATAAD patients. Over the aortic history, our team take the lead in proposing and recommending: going beyond traditional surgery, anti-inflammatory action is crucially important to target the residual cardiovascular risk by specific anti-inflammatory interventions as a crucially adjunct therapeutic strategy to improve the well-being of patient. The advent of artificial intelligence facilitates the risk predictions of mortality and morbidity, which could help individualize anti-inflammatory management, highlighting the need for precision treatment of ATAAD.

主动脉夹层炎症风暴（Aortic Dissection Inflammatory Storm）。急性A型主动脉夹层 (ATAAD) 是一种致命的灾难性心血管疾病。在病理生理上，夹层的发生会触发剧烈的早期全身性炎症反应，随后的体外循环、血液稀释、低温及输血则进一步加剧“炎症风暴”，继而导致多器官功能障碍综合征。在外科主动脉攻坚战的同时，科学家在主动脉夹层炎症和抗炎方面有了新的发现和成果；这极大地鼓舞了我们优化主动脉夹层治疗策略的信心和勇气。勇立潮头，我们在此率先倡议和推荐：在传统手术目标之外，将抗炎治疗作为一项重要的治疗策略，即特异性地靶向残余心血管炎症，进一步降低炎症相关风险，从而提升ATAAD的治疗水平。人工智能的出现极大地提高了疾病风险预测的精确性，为个体化抗炎治疗提供了强大后盾，为全面战胜这一灾难性的危急重症添砖加瓦。

Meat quality, an economically important trait in pig industry, is a determining factor in the overall acceptability of eating quality, which is closely related to fatty acid (FA) compositions. Muscle FA composition is governed by heredity, age, diet, and feeding environment. In recent decades, the role of the gut microbiota in host lipid metabolism has been widely confirmed in germ-free models. On this cover story, scientists transplanted obese Ningxiang pigs’ fecal microbiota into the lean Duroc Landrace Yorkshire pigs, leading to higher muscle FA contents and meat quality. Obese Ningxiang pig-derived Lactobacillus reuteri has been identified as a key microbiota to manipulate the muscle FA deposition by targeting SLC22A5-mediated carnitine metabolism. These novel findings provide a new potential microbial strategy for muscle FA-based meat quality management.

肠道微生物调控猪肌肉脂肪酸沉积（Gut microbiota-mediated muscle fatty acid deposition）。北宋大诗人苏轼留有多篇关于猪肉的诗句，其中“待他自熟莫催他，熟度足时他自美”和“五日一见花猪肉，十日一遇黄鸡粥”表现了对猪肉的喜爱。猪肉品质作为养猪业重要的一个经济性状是饮食质量整体可接受性的决定因素。猪肉品质与肌肉脂肪酸含量和组成密切相关，其中肌肉脂肪酸受遗传、年龄、饮食和喂养环境的影响。近几十年来，肠道微生物群在宿主脂质代谢中的作用已在无菌动物模型中得到广泛证实。在肠道微生物与猪脂肪代谢互作研究中，来自湖南农业大学的科学家将脂肪型宁乡猪的粪便微生物移植到瘦肉型杜长大猪中，结果提高肌肉脂肪酸含量和肉品质。脂肪型宁乡猪来源菌群，尤其是罗伊氏乳杆菌主要通过靶向抑制SLC22A5介导的肉碱代谢来调控肌肉脂肪酸沉积。以上创新性结果为基于肌肉脂肪酸调控的肉品质提升提供了一种新的潜在微生物策略。

Since ancient times, our ancestors have developed the concept of systems engineering, achieving numerous engineering miracles around the world, such as the pyramids, the Great Wall, and the Dujiangyan irrigation system. Systems engineering, acting as a silk weaving machine, organizes the chaotic components into efficient and optimized systems. It weaves an endless Silk Road, riding waves of technological revolutions, as human civilization develops over thousands of years. Driven by cutting-edge theories and technologies, such as data science, artificial intelligence, complex systems, virtual simulation, and high-performance computing, conventional systems engineering methods have become digital and intelligent in recent years. It continuously makes breakthroughs, in multiple fields such as parallel systems and generative simulation, and in various applications such as aerial swarms and intelligent metamaterials. We envision that digital-intelligent systems engineering will inevitably make important contributions to science and technology innovations.

数智系统工程（Digital-Intelligent Systems Engineering）。人类自古以来就在认识改造世界的过程中形成了系统工程的思想，创造了金字塔、长城、都江堰等一系列工程奇迹。面对现实世界中纷繁复杂的现象与要素，系统工程如同丝绸织布机一样将复杂现实梳理为一个个高效有序的系统。随着人类文明数千年的延续和进步，系统工程在一次次技术浪潮的推动下，勾勒出了一条持续演进的“丝绸之路”。如今，在数据科学、人工智能、复杂系统、虚拟仿真、高性能计算等理论与技术的强力推动下，新一代数智系统工程方法应运而生，在平行系统、生成式仿真等技术方面不断突破，应用于无人机集群、智能超材料等多个领域，并将在支撑重大工程和科技创新等方面做出更大贡献。

MXenes Synthesis. MXenes, regarded as the “wonder” two-dimensional materials, exhibit extraordinary physicochemical properties and show great promise for a wide range of applications, including energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, biomedicine, printing circuits, and more. A transformative gas synthesis route eliminates the expensive precursors and enables direct fabrication of pure phase and low-defect MXene, tackling the long-standing challenge of synthesis of high-quality MXenes by the conventional liquid phase etching route. Compared to the costly and winding liquid-phase etching route, the gas-phase synthesis pathway is more economical and efficient, accelerating the transition of MXenes from laboratory to industrial applications.

MXenes的合成（MXenes Synthesis）。MXenes因其独特的结构和非凡的物理化学特性被誉为一类“神奇”的二维材料，在能量存储、电磁干扰屏蔽、生物医学、印刷电路等方面呈现出巨大的应用前景。变革性的化学气相合成法可以摒弃成本高昂的前驱体，在气相中直接合成纯相、低缺陷MXene，解决长期以来传统液相蚀刻路线难以合成高质量MXene的问题。相比于复杂曲折且成本高昂的液相刻蚀路线，气相合成路径更加经济和高效，加速了MXenes从实验室到工业实际应用的转变。

Helicobacter pylori's Impact on Immunotherapy. Over the past three decades of exploration, Helicobacter pylori has emerged as the most significant bacterium in the understanding of gastric diseases: In 1984, the connection between Helicobacter pylori and gastritis, as well as gastric ulcers, was first confirmed in humans; in 1994, the World Health Organization classified Helicobacter pylori as a Group I carcinogen for gastric cancer; and in 2005, Dr. Barry Marshall and Dr. Robin Warren were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their pioneering research in the field of Helicobacter pylori. Currently, Professor Shen Lin's team at Peking University Cancer Hospital, through a combination of large-scale clinical analysis and advanced omics technologies, has revealed the significant impact of Helicobacter pylori on the efficacy of immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors. This research opens up new directions for both clinical and basic studies of Helicobacter pylori.

幽门螺旋杆菌影响免疫治疗。在过去三十年的探索中，幽门螺旋杆菌已经成为人类理解胃部疾病最重要的细菌：1984年，人类首次证实幽门螺旋杆菌与胃炎、胃溃疡之间的联系；1994年，幽门螺旋杆菌被世界卫生组织确定为胃癌一级致病因素；2005年，Barry Marshall博士和Robin Warren博士在幽门螺旋杆菌领域的开创性研究获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。如今，北京大学肿瘤医院沈琳教授团队结合临床大队列分析及先进的组学技术揭示了幽门螺旋杆菌对胃肠道肿瘤免疫治疗疗效的显著影响，为幽门螺旋杆菌的临床和基础研究开辟了新的方向。

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. And the reconstitution of immune homeostasis post-transplant is critical for the long-term survival. However, the dynamics of immune response patterns under immunosuppressive therapy in post-transplant patients remain largely unexplored. Professor Peng Zhihai's team at Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University utilized longitudinal clinical multicohort and single-cell technologies to reveal the processes of immune rejection and homeostasis remodeling after liver transplantation. Under immunosuppressive treatment, the postoperative immune response pattern of stably restored transplant patients underwent a dynamic evolution in one year, progressing through four stages of immune responses, from which a series of molecular markers for the early detection and proactive intervention of graft rejection, were identified. On these findings, Peng’s team developed a four-stage clinical management framework, offering a more refined guide to the clinical management of patients after liver transplantation.

肝移植术后患者外周免疫状态的动态演变与稳态重塑(Dynamic Evolution and Homeostasis Remodeling of Peripheral Immune Status in Post-Liver Transplant Patients)。肝移植是治疗终末期肝病最有效的手段，移植术后免疫系统的稳态重塑是影响患者长期生存的关键。他克莫司是肝移植术后维持免疫平衡的主要免疫抑制剂，免疫抑制过强易导致感染、糖尿病和肾功能不全等并发症；免疫抑制不足则引起急性排斥或移植物失功。因此，精准评估肝移植术后免疫状态的动态变化是目前临床研究的难点及热点。厦门大学附属翔安医院彭志海团队结合纵向临床多队列和单细胞技术，分析揭示了免疫抑制剂作用下稳定恢复的移植患者术后1年内的四阶段免疫应答模式，并鉴定了多个可在早期识别和干预排斥的分子标记。基于以上研究成果，该团队进一步构建了一个四分期的临床管理框架，将为肝移植术后患者的治疗提供更精细化的指南。

Extremophiles are invaluable biological resources, pivotal for unraveling the mysteries of life, and revealing the origins and evolution of life on Earth, as well as for exploring extraterrestrial planets. Syntrichia caninervis, a desert moss, exemplifies life's remarkable adaptability to extreme environments. It demonstrates extraordinary desiccation tolerance, capable of losing over 98% of its cellular water content, and can endure -196°C ultra-low temperatures. Additionally, it exhibits exceptional radiation resistance, withstanding doses of more than 5000 Gy of gamma irradiation. This moss can survive and maintain vitality under simulated Mars conditions. S. caninervis is one of the toughest plants on Earth, offering promising potential as a pioneer species for future Mars colonization and terraforming efforts.

太空苔藓（Space Moss）。极端环境生物是生命的奇迹，代表着生命对环境的极限适应能力，是极其珍贵的战略生物资源。极端生物的研究对于探索生命奥秘，揭示地球生命起源与演化，以及地外星球拓殖等均有重要意义。一种来自新疆沙漠的小小苔藓植物齿肋赤藓，展现出了非凡的环境适应能力，是探索生命生存极限的典型代表。该藓能耐受自身98%以上的细胞脱水实现干而不死，耐受-196°C超低温速冻实现冻而不死，耐受超过5000 Gy伽马辐照而不死，且在复合多重逆境的火星模拟条件下仍能存活并保有再生能力。齿肋赤藓是目前最抗逆的植物之一，其惊人的极限生存能力是未来外太空如火星拓殖的理想先锋植物，为人类探索宇宙和可持续发展开辟了新的可能性。

In the Mozi Gongshu from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods of ancient China, the principle of “Shu attacks and Mo defends” is recorded, which means that for every attack strategy, there is inevitably a corresponding method of defense. This wisdom is vividly reflected in crop protection of modern agricultural practices. To prevent agricultural pests from damaging crops, people extensively adopt Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based bioinsecticides and insect-resistant crops. However, the global notorious pest, Plutella xylostella, utilizes its strong immune system to form a midgut transcriptional regulatory loop as a “defensive shield” to resist Bt toxicity. The arms race between insect pests and Bt perfectly exemplifies the ancient “Shu attacks and Mo defends” principle. In the future, deciphering the “Bt resistance shield” of insect pests can be utilized to design specific methods to break the evolutionary balance of pest resistance, which could be conducive to developing novel pest management strategies. This will advance global crop protection level to new horizons and make a significant contribution to ensuring food security.

作物保护（Crop Protection）。古代中国春秋战国时期的《墨子·公输》中记载“输攻墨守”法则，意指只要有一种攻击的战术，必定会有防御的方法。在现代农业生产的作物保护中，这一智慧同样得到了生动的体现。为了防止农业害虫对作物的危害，人们广泛使用基于苏云金芽胞杆菌（Bt）研发的生物杀虫剂和抗虫作物。然而，全球重大害虫小菜蛾利用其自身强大的免疫系统形成了一个转录调控环作为“防御盾牌”对抗Bt毒性作用。这种害虫与Bt之间的复杂进化关系，完美诠释了“输攻墨守”的古老法则。面向未来，解析害虫的“Bt抗性盾牌”可以用于设计特异性破解方法，打破这种害虫抗药性进化平衡，从而提供全新的害虫管理策略。这将推动全球作物保护水平迈向新高度，为确保粮食安全做出重要贡献。

The history of pig domestication is fascinating and closely connected to agriculture and biomedicine. Throughout history, pigs have primarily been raised for meat purposes, and featured in various popular cuisines worldwide. Advancements in gene editing technologies have facilitated the rapid development of genetically modified pigs. For biomedical use, by introducing targeted genetic modifications, researchers can create pig models that accurately mimic human diseases, thereby enhancing the understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapies. Nowadays, genetically modified pigs are being explored as potential organ donors for xenotransplantation.

一猪两用（Dual-purpose pig）。人类对猪的驯化可追溯至新石器时期。“执豕于牢，酌之用匏”。猪在我国的饮食文化中占据重要地位。从汉字“家”的演变来看，中国人自古就将家猪赋予生活安定和人畜兴旺的寓意。近年来基因编辑技术的进步显著提高了基因工程猪的制备效率，加速了生猪在农业和生物医学领域的应用。精准调控与动物经济性状相关基因的表达将提升家猪的生产性能和肉品质，同时降低养殖过程中的环境污染。

由于猪在生理、解剖、药物代谢和疾病进程等方面与人体的高度相似性，猪模型已成为囊性纤维化、免疫缺陷、癌症、糖尿病以及新冠等多种人类疾病研究中的重要工具。近期多例猪的活体人临床异种器官移植手术已取得突破性进展。在未来，通过使用基因编辑技术去除猪的关键免疫排斥相关基因，猪来源的眼角膜、皮肤、心脏、肝脏和肾脏等有望缓解人类面临的组织器官供体短缺问题，造福人类健康。

Wind, the movement of air, plays a vital role in influencing the Earth's climate. Moreover, wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the power of the wind to generate electricity, serving as a cornerstone of the global energy transition. As humanity increasingly turns to wind energy for a sustainable future, understanding the factors shaping wind patterns has become more urgent than ever. While volcanic eruptions are well known for their cooling effects and impacts on rainfall, their influence on wind has largely gone unnoticed—until now. A study by Shen et al. reveals how the largest eruptions of the past millennium caused a significant, albeit temporary, slowdown in global near-surface winds, particularly in subtropical regions. Volcanic aerosols can disrupt wind energy systems, posing challenges to the resilience of renewable energy. As the world races toward a carbon-neutral future, these findings highlight an overlooked climate risk, urging us to consider the delicate effect from natural forces on renewable energy systems.

风速（Wind Speed）。风是空气运动产生的，风对地球气候的影响至关重要。此外，风能是一种可再生能源，利用风能发电是全球能源转型的基石。随着人类越来越多地转向风能以实现可持续的未来，了解影响风的因素变得比以往任何时候都更加紧迫。虽然火山爆发以其降温和对降雨的影响而闻名，但它们对风的影响在很大程度上却没有引起人们的注意——直到现在。Shen 等人的研究揭示过去一千年来最大的火山爆发如何导致全球近地表风显著（尽管是暂时的）减缓，特别是在亚热带地区。火山气溶胶会破坏风能系统，对可再生能源的恢复力构成挑战。随着世界竞相迈向碳中和的未来，这些发现凸显了一个被忽视的气候风险，敦促我们考虑自然力量对可再生能源系统的微妙影响。

Nanorobots are a common image in science fiction works, depicted as superpowered beings in the microscopic world, representing humanity's boundless aspirations for future technology. With the rapid development of modern science and technology and the continuous improvement of manufacturing and understanding levels, nanorobots are gradually moving from imagination to reality. A bionic magnetic-controlled nanorobot system has been designed by Wang et al. and applied to deliver chemotherapy drugs to tumors in living organisms. Its rich functionality and nanoscale size form a strong contrast, just like a miniaturized Sun Wukong in Chinese mythology showing off its extraordinary powers. The research on bionic nanorobots will promote the integration of multiple disciplines, encouraging collaboration among fields such as materials science, biology, and physics, and presenting humanity with a brand-new future vision and the possibilities of technological development.

仿生纳米机器人（Bionic Nanorobots）。纳米机器人是科幻作品中的常见形象，被描绘为微观世界的超能力者，代表了人类对于未来科技的无限憧憬。随着现代科技的飞速发展，制造和理解水平的不断提升，纳米机器人正一步步从想象走向现实。王等设计了一种仿生的磁控纳米机器人系统并应用于向活体的肿瘤中递送化疗药物。该系统丰富的功能性和纳米级的尺寸形成强烈的反差，就像中国神话中变小的孙悟空一样大显神通。仿生纳米机器人的研究将推动多学科交叉融合，促使材料学、生物学、物理学等领域携手共进，为人类展现全新的未来视野和科技发展的可能性。

The ocean is hypothesized to be where life on Earth originated, and subsequent evolutionary transitions to terrestrial environments. However, marine mammals such as cetaceans, pinnipeds, and sirenians, have followed a converse trajectory, with different terrestrial ancestors independently returning to the ocean—a phenomenon termed secondary aquatic adaptation. These species have independently evolved similar characteristics, such as streamlined bodies, thickened blubber layers, and paddle-like appendages to adapt to aquatic lifestyle. They also exhibit convergent traits including advanced social cognitive abilities, unihemispheric slow-wave sleep, extended lifespan, and cancer resistance. Marine mammals have become important models for studying convergent evolution. The advent of three-dimensional genomics has facilitated innovative approaches to examining convergent evolution. Using multi-omics data and functional experiments, Xu et al. reveal the mechanisms underlying convergent evolution in gene spatial regulatory networks related to blubber layer thickening, cancer resistance, appendage, and neural development. The findings provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of human diseases such as obesity, cancer, and neurological disorders, as well as new perspectives for exploring strategies to extend lifespan.

海洋哺乳动物（Marine Mammals）。生命起源于海洋，并经历了向陆地环境的演化变迁。然而，海洋哺乳动物如鲸类、鳍足类和海牛类，反其道而行之，不同的陆生祖分别从陆地重返海洋，独立演化出流线型体型、增厚的脂肪层、桨状附肢等相似特征，以适应水生生活，并展现出高级的社会认知能力、单半球慢波睡眠、长寿及抗癌能力等趋同特征。因此，海洋哺乳动物是研究趋同演化的重要模型。新兴的三维基因组学为趋同演化研究提供了新机遇。本研究基于多组学和功能实验揭示了基因空间调控网络在脂肪层增厚、抗癌、附肢与神经发育方面的趋同演化机制。研究结果为人类肥胖、癌症和神经等疾病的预防和治疗提供新启示，为探索寿命延长途径提供新视角。

The link between air pollution and human diseases remains a critical issue in environmental medicine. There remains a critical gap in the association between ground-level ozone and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly populations. Zhang et al. establish an innovative "environmental exposure-ocular disease" research paradigm, employing dual validation through a nationwide cohort of 27,923 individuals and cross-species experiments to uncover ozone's spatiotemporal patterns and pathogenic pathways in triggering AMD. Cohort data reveal that high ozone exposure doubles AMD risk compared to low-exposure groups. Vulnerable populations include adults over 65 years old, residents of northern regions, and rural communities. A groundbreaking discovery identifies ozone's "lung-blood-retina" pathway, demonstrating how this pollutant breaches physiological barriers and drives vision loss through systemic inflammation. By mapping ozone-sensitive populations and proposing an interdisciplinary prevention framework, this research advances global strategies for combating air pollution-induced vision deterioration in aging societies.

空气污染与眼健康。空气污染与人体疾病的关联是环境医学领域的重要问题。地面臭氧与老年人群不可逆失明主因-年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的关联缺乏系统性研究。本研究创新性构建“环境暴露-眼病发生”研究范式，通过全国27,923人队列与跨物种实验双重验证，首次揭示臭氧诱发AMD的时空规律与致病通路。队列数据显示高暴露臭氧人群AMD风险达低暴露组2倍。65岁以上老人、北方及农村居民是臭氧高危群体。突破性发现臭氧穿透生理屏障的“肺-血-视网膜”通路，揭示污染物通过系统性炎症诱发视力下降的新机制。研究绘制出臭氧暴露敏感人群图谱，为防控空气污染提供跨学科范式，助力全球老龄化社会的视觉健康保卫战。

The solar radiation at the Earth's surface refers to the components of solar radiation received by the Earth's surface. It is the fundamental energy source for Earth's life activities and a key factor influencing climate change, agricultural production, and solar energy utilization, playing a crucial role in climate models. With the increasing demand for global warming mitigation and energy structure transformation, high-precision monitoring of solar radiation changes has become particularly important. However, existing satellite monitoring methods, although covering large areas, are limited in their application range due to spatial resolution constraints. Research by Shi, Husi, and others developed a novel CARE Geostationary Satellite Network Observation system (CARE-GSNO), which is essentially like installing a "sunshine scanner" on the Earth's surface. By integrating data from four geostationary satellites positioned at different locations, CARE-GSNO achieves unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution, providing strong data support for climate change research, solar energy utilization, and ecosystem management.

地表太阳辐射（Surface Solar Radiation）。地表太阳辐射是指地球表面接收到的太阳辐射组分，是地球生命活动的基本能量源泉，也是影响气候变化、农业生产和太阳能利用的关键因素，并且在气候模型中起着至关重要的作用。随着全球变暖和能源结构转型的需求增加，对于太阳辐射变化的高精度监测变得尤为重要。然而现有的卫星监测手段时空分辨率有限，难以满足精细化探测需求。Husi和Shi等人的研究开发了一种全新的地球静止卫星组网观测系统（CARE-GSNO），该项技术相当于给地球表面装上了“阳光扫描仪”。通过整合来自不同位置的四颗地球静止卫星的数据，CARE-GSNO实现了前所未有的空间和时间分辨率，为气候变化研究、太阳能利用及生态系统管理提供了强有力的数据支持。

From the scorched cracks on Shang Dynasty oracle bones to AlphaFold's deciphering of protein folding, from Go's strategic warfare to financial quantitative trading, human civilization epitomizes an evolutionary journey of decision intelligence. Foundation models are reshaping decision-making paradigms across financial transactions to scientific discovery. This interdisciplinary review crystallizes three critical dimensions: (1) Paradigm Transcendence – How generative AI triggers paradigm leaps in decision intelligence? (2) Nuclear Transformation –How foundation models construct new decision topologies amid uncertainty? (3) Application Singularity – Where lies the frontier when world models and multimodal reasoning technologies empower decision intelligence? By decoding the "technological DNA" – from the elegant proof of the Seven Bridges Problem to Transformers' emergent decision capabilities – this review traces the evolution, paradigms, technologies, and applications of decision intelligence. It reveals a pivotal trend: foundation models are sparking a "Cambrian Explosion" in decision science. The convergence of decision intelligence and foundation models may herald the dawn of a new intelligent species.

决策智能（Decision Intelligence）。从殷商龟甲的灼裂纹路到AlphaFold破解的蛋白质折叠密码，从围棋的战略博弈到金融的量化交易，人类文明本质是一部决策智能的进化史。基础模型正在重构从金融交易到科学发现的决策范式，深度探索决策智能的三个维度：（1）范式跃迁，生成式AI如何推动决策智能从"规则驱动"迈向"涌现驱动"？（2）技术核变，基础模型怎样在不确定性中建立新的决策拓扑结构？（3）应用奇点，当世界模型赋能自动驾驶，当多模态推理重塑量化交易，决策智能的边界在哪里？通过解构"技术基因"——从七桥问题的优雅证明到Transformer的决策涌现，基础模型正在催生决策科学的"寒武纪大爆发"。决策智能遇上基础模型，将引领新智能形态的诞生。

"The Trojan Horse" is a famous historical anecdote in ancient Greece. By using a brilliant strategic deployment, the horse was transported to the outside of Troy city, then sneaked into the city, and the warriors emerged from its belly. At last, the Greek soldiers won the Trojan War. Just like the initially impregnable Troy, limited by insufficient oxygen and blood supply, cartilage repair and regeneration face challenges such as low drug targeting, weak penetration, and short duration of effect. By emulating the "Trojan Horse", Lu et al. reported that injectable hydrogel microspheres achieve precise repair on diseased tissues through responsive transportation, targeted penetration, and efficient release. The spatiotemporal guided therapeutic system enhances the regenerative potential of cartilage, restores the movement function of joints, and offers new hope for patients with bone and joint injuries or degeneration to "return to life", "return to sports", and "return to competition".

特洛伊木马（Trojan Horse）。“特洛伊木马”是古希腊著名历史典故，利用精妙的战略部署：即木马运抵城外、木马潜入城中、勇士潜出马腹，希腊战士赢得了特洛伊战争的胜利。就像起初难以攻克的特洛伊城，受限于自身氧供和血供不足，软骨修复再生面临药物靶向性低、穿透性弱、时效性短等挑战。师法“特洛伊木马”，可注射水凝胶微球通过响应性运输、靶向性渗透、高效性释放，实现了对病变组织的精准修复。时空引导的治疗体系提升了软骨的再生潜能，恢复了关节的运动功能，为骨与关节损伤或退变患者的“重返生活”、“重返运动”、“重返竞技”提供了新希望。

Space exploration: Aviation and Aerospace Transition Zones. Human exploration of space has a long history. The image of Nezha in ancient Chinese mythology embodies people's beautiful wish to fly to the sky. Nezha is the incarnation of the lotus, possessing the ability to soar through clouds. He holds the Fire-tipped Spear, steps on Wind Fire Wheels, and wears the Red Armillary Sash. These magic weapons on his body endow him with a high-speed, flexible, and cool flying posture, crossing the atmosphere, and flying towards the South Heaven Gate. In the real-world space exploration, the transition zone between the aviation atmosphere and the aerospace atmosphere has great significance for space activities. Sheng et al. introduced the concept of aviation and aerospace transition zones (AATZ), located between 50 and 150 km above the Earth's surface. These zones exhibit unique atmospheric evolution and structural composition. As the space exploration programs of various countries unfold, this region will demonstrate significant application prospects in fields such as planetary exploration, aerospace activities, and satellite remote sensing. Based on observational and model results, this review summarizes research on the dynamic processes, chemical processes, and numerical simulations in the AATZ, aims at narrowing the cognitive gap between aviation and aerospace regions, and contributes to humanity's dream of space exploration in this mysterious space region.

太空探索-空天过渡区（Aviation and Aerospace Transition Zones）。人类对太空的探索由来已久，中国古代神话中的哪吒形象，便寄寓着人们对飞天的美好愿望。哪吒为莲花化身，自带腾云能力，脚踩风火轮，身披混天绫，手持火尖枪，身上诸多法宝赋予他高速、灵活、炫酷的飞天姿态，穿越大气层，飞向南天门。在现实世界的空间探索中，航空大气与航天大气之间的过渡带对空间活动具有重要的意义。Sheng et al. 提出了空天过渡区的概念。该区域距离地球50-150 km，具有独特的大气演化和结构组成。随着各国太空探索计划的展开，该区域将在行星探索、航天活动、卫星遥感等领域展现出重要的应用前景。基于观测和模式结果，该综述总结了空天过渡区的动力过程、化学过程和数值模拟相关研究，旨在缩短空和天之间的认知短板，助力人类在这一神秘太空区域的太空探索梦。

Immunomodulatory Effects on Malaria. Malaria remains a severe threat to global human health, as infections caused by Plasmodium parasites trigger intense host immune responses that can result in extensive multi-organ damage. Artemisinin, originating from China, has become the cornerstone therapy against malaria. Although its direct anti-parasiticidal mechanism is widely acknowledged, deeper investigations into artemisinin’s immunomodulatory effects on infected hosts illuminate new dimensions of its remarkable therapeutic efficacy. Chen et al. provided critical insights by constructing a comprehensive single-cell atlas of multiple tissues—liver, spleen, and peripheral blood—from Plasmodium-infected mice treated with artemisinin. They identified a key immune cell subset responsible for mediating liver damage: CD8⁺GZMB⁺ T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that artemisinin effectively alleviates the cytotoxic effects of this cell subset via modulating the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Exploring malaria treatment from an immunomodulatory perspective not only enriches the modern scientific understanding of this classical therapeutic agent, but also reveals promising new avenues for the development of immune-based therapeutic strategies. There is an ancient verse referenced "Yo Yo Lu Ming, Shi Ye Zhi Hao" ("The deer call out as they feast upon wild Artemisia"). On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Professor Youyou Tu receiving the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015, this cover pays tribute to her extraordinary discovery and contribution that saved millions of lives worldwide.

青蒿素对疟疾的免疫调控（Artemisinin: Immunomodulatory Effects on Malaria）。 疟疾至今仍严重威胁全球人类健康。疟原虫感染可引发宿主剧烈免疫应答导致多脏器损伤。源自中国的青蒿素是抗疟的基石药物，除了明确其直接杀虫机制，深入解析青蒿素对感染宿主的免疫调控效应，也为理解其卓越疗效开辟了崭新视角。Chen 等人的研究通过绘制青蒿素治疗疟原虫感染小鼠多组织（肝脏、脾脏、外周血）的单细胞图谱，鉴定到一类介导肝脏损伤的关键免疫细胞亚群：CD8⁺GZMB⁺ T淋巴细胞。并且青蒿素能够通过调控JAK2-STAT3信号通路有效缓解该亚群的细胞毒作用。从“免疫调控”这一角度切入，不仅深刻诠释了经典药物的现代科学内涵，也为探索药物通过调控免疫稳态从而治疗疾病的新策略指明了方向。“呦呦鹿鸣，食野之蒿”，值此屠呦呦先生荣获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖10周年之际，谨以此致敬其拯救世界万千生命的卓越贡献。

Bisphenols are essential industrial basic feedstocks. Currently, industrial bisphenols are primarily produced via petroleum refining routes; in contrast, the production of bio-based bisphenols relying on biomass refining technology aligns with the concept of sustainable development and exhibits broad application prospects. Lignin, a major structural component of lignocellulosic biomass, accounts for approximately 30% of the total organic carbon in the biosphere. Owing to its unique aromatic structural characteristics, lignin has emerged as an ideal raw material for the preparation of bio-based bisphenols. Shuai et al. identified a novel Cγ-condensation pathway during lignin processing, enabling the synthesis of three different bio-based bisphenols (diarylmethane, 1,2-diarylethane, and 1,3-diarylpropane) through manipulating lignin condensation pathways. These lignin-derived compounds offer promising sustainable alternatives to conventional bisphenols.

生物基双酚（Bio-based Bisphenols）。双酚化合物作为重要的工业基础原料。目前，工业上使用的双酚化合物主要通过石油精炼路线制备；与之相比，依托生物质精炼技术生产生物基双酚，契合可持续发展理念，具有广阔的应用前景。木质素作为木质生物质的主要结构成分，约占生物圈总有机碳30%。因其独特的芳香型结构特征，木质素成为制备生物基双酚的理想原料。Shuai等人的研究发现了木质素加工过程中的新型Cγ-缩合反应路径。该路径可实现通过调控木质素缩合途径，制备三种不同的生物基双酚类化合物：二芳基甲烷、1,2-二芳基乙烷和1,3-二芳基丙烷。这类生物质衍生双酚有望成为现有工业双酚的可持续替代方案。

Global agrifood systems face three linked challenges: food security, environmental sustainability, and soil health amid climate change. Conventional practices prioritize productivity over resilience, leading to soil degradation, higher GHG emissions, and inefficient resource use. A 'triple-goal' framework boosts food production, soil health, and GHG mitigation via integrated innovations—optimized fertigation, diversified cropping, organic amendments, precision N management, and beneficial microbial activity. Localized adaptation strategies are required to avoid trade-offs, as yield-focused approaches can increase emissions. This framework provides a transformative path to climate-smart, equitable, and resilient agrifood systems that balance productivity and planetary health.

Triple-Goals: Productivity, Soil, Climate（丰产沃土减排三元共赢）。全球农业食品体系正面临气候变化、粮食安全和环境可持续性三者交织的复合型危机，亟需系统性转型以破解传统农业在追求产量过程中导致的土壤退化、温室气体排放加剧和资源利用低效等困境。基于农业生态学和精准资源管理理论，本研究提出"三重目标"协同框架，通过优化水肥一体化、推行作物多样化种植、应用有机改良剂、实施精准氮肥管理及调控微生物活性等关键技术，在提升粮食产量的同时改善土壤健康并减少碳排放。该框架的实施必须考虑空间异质性，以避免"一刀切"带来的负面效应。这一框架的核心理念在于突破传统农业中产量与环境之间的权衡关系，转而寻求协同优化路径，为建立兼具气候适应性、公平性和韧性的全球农业食品体系提供理论支撑和实践指导，其成功实施将有助于实现《巴黎协定》气候目标，同时保障全球粮食安全与生态系统健康。未来研究应着重开发多尺度效益评估模型，完善政策-技术-市场协同治理机制，并探索适应不同区域特点的差异化转型路径。

Ocean exploration requires highly efficient propulsion systems. However, due to their structural complexity, conventional biomimetic robots often fail to reproduce the efficiency and elegance of marine organisms. Excessively twisting an elastic ring would lead to snap-through buckling, which is commonly recognized as an engineering defect. Surprisingly, Zhao et al. discovered that the buckled ring can generate a wave-like motion closely resembling the pectoral fin deformation of a ray. They revealed the mechanistic mechanism, proposed an innovative propulsion strategy, and designed and developed a novel kind of snapping-driven robotic fish. By controlling the torque, this design is able to transform steady rotational input into smoothly undulatory motion. This robotic ray is featured by new propulsion mode, efficient swimming gait, simple structural construction, steady locomotion, excellent invisibility, and superb adaptation to environments, demonstrating promising potential in engineering practice. This work marks a paradigm shift in biomimetics: by repurposing mechanical instability from a flaw to a controllable tool, it would break new ground in bio-inspired engineering, manifesting the profound beauty of mechanics.

机器鳐鱼（Robotic Ray）。海洋探索呼唤高效的推进器，而传统的仿生机器鱼结构复杂，难以复现生物的高效与优雅。环状弹性杆过度受扭时会发生突弹失稳——这通常被视为工程缺陷。然而，研究团队发现失稳后的杆件竟能产生与鳐鱼胸鳍高度相似的波动。他们揭示了其中的力学机理，提出了新颖的驱动方式，设计制造出极富创意的失稳驱动式机器鳐鱼。该设计通过控制扭矩，将旋转输入转化为持续流畅的波动输出。实验证明，该机器鱼具有驱动方式新、游动效率高、结构简单、行进稳定、行为隐蔽、环境适应能力强、运载能力佳、可扩展性好等优点，展现出广阔的应用前景。这项工作体现出仿生设计的范式转变：当失稳从曾经的缺陷转变为可被驾驭的工具，仿生设计便迎来突破，尽显力学之美。

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