TP has received speaker or consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Recordati, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Janssen, CNX Therapeutics, Sunovion, ROVI Biotech, Schwabe Pharma, and Lecturing Minds Stockholm AB; he receives book royalties from Wiley Blackwell; and he co-directs a company that designs digital resources to support treatment of mental illness. RAM has participated in advisory and speaker meetings organised by Otsuka, Karuna, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Janssen. GB has participated in speaker meetings organised by Pfizer. SJ has participated in educational speaker meetings organised by Lundbeck, Otsuka, Sunovion, Janssen, and Boehringer Ingelheim. ODH has received investigator-initiated research funding from or participated in advisory and speaker meetings organised by Angelini, Autifony, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Heptares, Global Medical Education, Invicro, Janssen, Lundbeck, Neurocrine, Otsuka, Sunovion, Rand, Recordati, Roche, and Viatris–Mylan. AHY has delivered paid lectures and advisory boards for the following companies with drugs used in affective and related disorders: AstraZenaca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, LivaNova, Lundbeck, Sunovion, Servier, Janssen, Allergan, Bionomics, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, COMPASS, Sage, Novartis, and Neurocentrx. AC has received research, educational, and consultancy fees from the Italian Network for Paediatric Trials, CARIPLO Foundation, Lundbeck, and Angelini Pharma outside the submitted work. TAF reports personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, DT Axis, Micron, Shionogi, SONY, and UpToDate, and a grant from DT Axis and Shionogi, outside the submitted work. TAF has a patent (7448125) and a pending patent (2022–082495), and has licensed intellectual properties for Kokoro-app to DT Axis. ED’A received lecture fees from Lundbeck. DMT has received investigator-initiated research grants and spoken at events for AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Viatris, and Recordati, and has shares in Myogenes, Saladax, and 428-Pharma. AT has received research, educational, and consultancy fees from Angelini Pharma and lecture fees from Takeda outside the submitted work. CM has participated in educational speaker meetings organized by AbbVie, Dr Falk, Ferring, Lilly, and Takeda. All other authors declare no competing interests.