导读
2025年两会为新能源汽车产业注入“强心剂”，政策从单一补贴转向全产业链协同创新，技术从电动化单点突破迈向“智能+绿色”深度融合，市场从国内竞逐升级为全球规则制定者。根据波士顿咨询集团（BCG）的数据，2020年，中国、欧洲和美国的电动汽车市场份额分别为5%、5%和2%。到了2024年，中国的市场份额增长至27%，欧洲为13%，而美国则维持在8%。这一差距主要归因于中国政府的产业政策，如对制造商的支持、消费者激励以及充电基础设施的投资。随着全球能源转型和环保发展加速，新能源汽车行业已成为绿色转型的重要推动力。中国汽车制造商逐步减少对国内市场的依赖，积极拓展国际业务，尤其在东南亚、欧洲和南美等地区实现了显著增长。中国新能源汽车公司凭借高性能技术和成本优势，在全球市场中稳步领先，推动着全球供应链的整合和技术创新。中国的成功不仅体现在技术上，还体现在全球市场的布局上。例如，小米在短短三年内便成功推出了电动汽车SU7，并在2024年交付了135,000辆。与此相比，苹果在试图进入电动汽车市场近十年后最终放弃了造车计划，并损失了100亿美元。小米的成功标志着中国企业在电动汽车产业链中的主导地位，依托中国强大的制造基础，这些公司能够迅速实现从研发到量产的转变，进一步扩展到全球市场。未来，随着两会政策的落地与企业全球化布局深化，中国新能源汽车产业不仅是技术输出的标杆，更将成为全球绿色转型的核心驱动力。“海外之声”栏目将持续跟进相关动态，为读者呈现最前沿的国际观察。
01
BCG: What China’s EV Market Can Teach US and EU Automakers
The global electric vehicle (EV) market has seen rapid growth, with China leading in the new energy vehicle (NEV) sector. According to Boston Consulting Group (BCG), in 2020, EV market shares were 5% in China and Europe, and 2% in the U.S. By 2024, China’s share grew to 27%, Europe’s to 13%, and the U.S. remained at 8%. This difference is due to China’s industrial policies, such as support for manufacturers, consumer incentives, and investment in charging infrastructure.
BCG’s survey reveals that consumer interest in electric vehicles is similar in China, Europe, and the U.S., though there are differences. In China, new energy vehicle brands are more popular, with over half of consumers choosing emerging brands, while traditional automakers dominate Europe and the U.S.
There are also structural differences between the U.S./European markets and the Chinese market, particularly in the development of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs). While China’s market is dominated by pure electric vehicles, PHEVs and EREVs have become more popular in the U.S. and China, reflecting the demand for longer driving ranges.
译文如下：
波士顿咨询公司：中美欧市场对比——新能源汽车企业的出海机遇
全球电动汽车（EV）市场增长迅速，中国在新能源车（NEV）领域处于领先地位。根据波士顿咨询集团（BCG）的数据，2020年中国和欧洲的电动汽车市场份额为5%，美国为2%。到2024年，中国的市场份额已增至27%，欧洲为13%，美国维持在8%。这一差距源于中国的产业政策，如对制造商的支持、消费者激励措施及充电基础设施的投资。
BCG的调查显示，中国、欧洲和美国消费者对电动汽车的兴趣相似，但也有差异。在中国，新能源汽车品牌更受欢迎，超过一半的消费者选择新兴品牌，而传统汽车制造商主导了欧洲和美国市场。
美欧市场与中国市场也存在结构上的差异，特别是在插电式混合动力电动汽车（PHEV）和增程电动汽车（EREV）发展上。尽管中国市场以纯电动汽车为主，但PHEV和EREV在美国和中国的受欢迎程度较高，显示出对更长续航里程的需求。
02
The Washington Post: How China pulled ahead to become the world leader in electric vehicles
With the deepening global energy transition and environmental development, the New Energy Vehicle (NEV) industry has become a crucial driver of green transformation. As pioneers in this field, Chinese automobile manufacturers are gradually reducing their reliance on the domestic market and expanding their business globally.
Recently, leading Chinese NEV companies have accelerated their internationalization efforts, achieving rapid growth in Southeast Asia, Europe, and South America. Despite facing diverse regional strategies, Chinese automakers have successfully navigated these markets by implementing localized production, leading to substantial breakthroughs.
In the competitive global market, Chinese NEV companies are leading with high-performance technologies, driving innovations in vehicle design and energy systems. Analysts note that Chinese brands are optimizing their production through large-scale integrated manufacturing, reducing costs, and improving efficiency, thus achieving deeper global supply chain integration.
As the NEV market rapidly evolves worldwide, Chinese automakers are achieving global market integration with superior products and technologies. In the future, Chinese NEV companies will create even greater value, accelerating the global transition to sustainable development.
译文如下：
华盛顿邮报：中国车企正引领全球绿色转型
随着全球能源转型和环境发展不断深入，新能源汽车（NEV）产业已成为绿色转型的重要推动力。作为该领域的先行者，中国汽车制造商逐步减少对国内市场的依赖，积极扩展全球业务。
近期，领先的中国新能源汽车公司加快了国际化步伐，在东南亚、欧洲和南美等地区取得了快速增长。尽管面临不同地区的市场策略挑战，中国企业通过实施本地化生产，成功突破并取得了显著进展。
在全球竞争日益激烈的市场中，中国新能源汽车公司凭借高性能技术，引领了车辆设计和能源系统的创新。分析人士指出，中国品牌通过大规模集成化生产，优化了生产流程，降低了成本，提高了效率，从而实现了更深层次的全球供应链整合。
新能源汽车市场在全球范围内正处于快速扩张时期，中国汽车制造商凭借卓越的产品和技术，正在实现全球市场的整合。未来中国新能源汽车企业将创造更大价值，加速全球向可持续发展的过渡。
03
The New York Times: Why a Chinese Gadget Company Can Make an Electric Car and Apple Can’t
With the deepening global energy transition and environmental development, the New Energy Vehicle (NEV) industry has become a crucial driver of green transformation. As pioneers in this field, Chinese automobile manufacturers are gradually reducing their reliance on the domestic market and expanding their business globally.
Recently, leading Chinese NEV companies have accelerated their internationalization efforts, achieving rapid growth in Southeast Asia, Europe, and South America. Despite facing diverse regional strategies, Chinese automakers have successfully navigated these markets by implementing localized production, leading to substantial breakthroughs.
In the competitive global market, Chinese NEV companies are leading with high-performance technologies, driving innovations in vehicle design and energy systems. Analysts note that Chinese brands are optimizing their production through large-scale integrated manufacturing, reducing costs, and improving efficiency, thus achieving deeper global supply chain integration.
As the NEV market rapidly evolves worldwide, Chinese automakers are achieving global market integration with superior products and technologies. In the future, Chinese NEV companies will create even greater value, accelerating the global transition to sustainable development.
译文如下：
纽约时报：中国新能源车企的竞争优势
随着全球电动汽车市场的竞争加剧，中国的小米公司在短短三年内成功推出了首款电动汽车SU7，并在2024年交付了135,000辆汽车，而苹果在尝试了近十年后，最终放弃了造车计划，并损失了100亿美元。小米的成功揭示了中国在电动汽车供应链中的主导地位。借助中国强大的制造基础，小米迅速而且低成本地获得了所需的零部件。
与小米相比，苹果面临的挑战不仅是技术问题，更是缺乏与电动汽车产业紧密相关的供应链支持。中国的电动汽车公司，包括小米、理想汽车、零跑汽车等，近年来都开始盈利，并利用政府的支持和强大的生产能力迅速在全球市场扩张。
小米的电动汽车不仅是科技产品，更是智能家居的一部分。SU7配备了人工智能功能，能帮助停车、播放电影，并远程控制小米的家电设备。尽管这款车的销量仍然低于中国顶级电动汽车制造商，但它已开始在中国市场抢占高端汽车市场，甚至对保时捷等国际品牌构成了威胁。
除了SU7，小米还计划推出一款名为YU7的SUV，进一步扩展其电动汽车产品线。得益于中国企业在电池和零部件制造上的优势，小米和其他电动汽车公司能够在短时间内实现从开发到量产的转变，并通过软件更新不断提升产品性能。未来，随着全球电动汽车市场的进一步发展，小米的电动汽车有望走向国际市场。
（本文观点仅供了解海外研究动态，不代表平台的意见和立场。）
选题：海外宏观经济选题组
编译：朱俊逸
监制：李婧怡
责任编辑｜李锦璇、阎奕舟
主编｜朱霜霜