这是 达医晓护 的第 5251 篇文章
俗话说，婴儿是上天赐予家庭的小天使，他们的每一个笑容、每一次成长都牵动着全家人的心。然而，随着冬季的到来，气温逐渐下降，家长们为了让孩子远离寒冷，往往会采取各种保暖措施。然而，你知道吗？过度的保暖可能会引发一种叫做“婴儿捂热综合征”的严重问题。今天，我们就来聊一聊这个看似温暖却暗藏危机的现象。
婴儿捂热综合征，顾名思义，是由于过度保暖、捂闷过久导致的婴儿缺氧、高热、大汗、脱水、抽搐、昏迷，乃至呼吸、循环衰竭的一种危急病症。这种疾病多见于1岁以内的婴儿，尤其是新生儿。由于婴儿体温调节中枢尚未发育完善，对外界环境的适应性较差，一旦保暖措施过度，就可能引发捂热综合征。
婴儿捂热综合征的根源在于过度的保暖措施。家长们可能担心孩子受凉感冒，于是给他们穿上了厚厚的衣服，盖上了多层的被子，甚至还将孩子紧紧抱在怀里。然而，这种做法却限制了孩子的活动，阻碍了他们的正常呼吸和散热。当婴儿处于高热、缺氧的环境中时，身体就会出现一系列的反应，最终导致捂热综合征的发生。
婴儿捂热综合征通常会在保暖措施过度后出现。常见的症状和体征包括：
高热：体温可高达40℃以上，甚至达到42℃。
大汗：孩子会出现大量出汗，汗液浸湿衣服和被子。
呼吸心跳增快
烦躁和激惹
脱水：由于大量出汗，孩子会出现口唇干燥、尿量减少,哭时无泪等脱水症状。
抽搐：高热和缺氧可能导致孩子出现抽搐症状。
昏迷：病情严重时，孩子可能会陷入昏迷状态，脑水肿，可能造成脑损伤。
此外，婴儿捂热综合征还可能导致孩子出现呼吸困难、面色发青、四肢厥冷等严重症状。一旦发现孩子出现这些症状，家长们应立即将孩子送往医院救治。
婴儿捂热综合征的诊断主要依据孩子的病史、临床表现和体格检查结果。医生会询问家长孩子的保暖措施是否过度，观察孩子是否出现高热、大汗、脱水等症状，并进行必要的体格检查和实验室检查。通过综合评估，医生可以确诊孩子是否患有婴儿捂热综合征。
婴儿捂热综合征的治疗原则主要是迅速降温、改善缺氧状态、纠正水电解质紊乱和对症治疗。具体治疗措施包括：
1、迅速降温：将孩子转移到通风良好的环境中，解开衣服散热，用湿毛巾擦拭身体，必要时给予药物降温。
2、改善缺氧状态：保持呼吸道通畅，给予氧气吸入，必要时进行机械通气。
3、纠正水电解质紊乱：根据孩子的病情给予补液治疗，纠正脱水、酸中毒等电解质紊乱症状。
4、对症治疗：针对孩子出现的抽搐、昏迷等症状给予相应的药物治疗和护理。
在治疗过程中，家长们应积极配合医生的治疗方案，密切观察孩子的病情变化，及时与医生沟通。
预防婴儿捂热综合征的关键在于合理保暖、避免过度。家长们应根据孩子的年龄、体质和天气情况选择合适的保暖措施。以下是一些预防婴儿捂热综合征的建议：
不要给孩子穿过多的衣服和盖过厚的被子。应根据室内温度适当增减衣物和被子。
不要将孩子紧紧抱在怀里或裹在襁褓中睡觉。应让孩子有足够的活动空间，保持呼吸道通畅。
注意室内通风换气。保持室内空气新鲜、流通，避免孩子长时间处于密闭的环境中。
定期给孩子测量体温和观察身体状况。一旦发现孩子出现高热、大汗、脱水等症状，应立即就医。
此外，家长们还应加强对婴儿捂热综合征的认识和了解，提高防范意识。在照顾孩子的过程中，要细心观察、及时发现并处理异常情况。
婴儿捂热综合征是一种严重的婴幼儿疾病，但只要家长们掌握正确的保暖方法、加强防范意识，就可以有效避免这种疾病的发生。让我们一起为孩子们创造一个温暖、安全、健康的成长环境吧！
Infant Muggy Syndrome: The Health Risks of the Overheating
Babies are considered little angels given to families by God, and their every smile and step are guaranteed to bring joy to the family. With the temperature gradually fall into winter, parents often tempting to wrap up babies warmly in lots of clothes and blankets during the cold months to keep their children warm. However, overheating a baby can lead to a serious problem called “Infant Muggy Syndrome (IMS)”. Today, let's talk about this invisible health hazard.
What is IMS?
As the name suggests, IMS is a serious condition that affects overdressed or over-covered babies, which causes the lack of oxygen, high fever, excessive sweating, dehydration, convulsions, coma, and even respiratory and circulatory failure. It is most common in infants, especially newborns. Babies do not have a fully developed internal thermometer, making it more difficult for them to regulate their body temperature. This leaves them vulnerable to overheating, which can lead to serious health complications if overheating.
What causes IMS?
IMS is caused by overheating. Parents often have great concerns about their precious little one’s catching colds from cold weather. They wear babies too much clothing, cover heavy blankets, and even clasped babies in the arms. However, this will restrict baby's movement and trap excess heat from dissipating and normal breathing, leading to an increase in their already warm temperatures and lack of oxygen, and eventually result in IMS.
What are the symptoms of IMS?
There are various signs and symptoms that indicate a baby may be overheating. Common symptoms include:
l High body temperature: The body temperature may be as high as 40°C or more, even up to 42°C.
l Excessive sweating: The baby may experience heavy sweating that soaks through clothes and blankets.
l Rapid breathing and heart rate
l Irritability and fussiness
l Dehydration: Overheating can also lead to dehydration due to excessive that presented as dry mouth, less urine, and no tears when crying.
l Seizures: High fever and lack of oxygen may cause child convulsions.
l Coma: In extreme cases, IMS may lead to a coma and cause the brain to swell, possibly resulting in brain damage.
In addition, IMS may also cause other severe symptoms such as difficulty in breathing, blue discolouration of the skin and cold, clammy skin. Parents should take their child to an emergency department immediately once these symptoms appear.
How is IMS diagnosed?
IMS can be diagnosed through a child’s medical history, clinical presentation and physical examination. Doctors will ask parents whether the child is overheating, evaluate the symptoms of high fever, excessive sweating, dehydration, etc. Physical examinations and laboratory tests will be conducted accordingly. Doctors can confirm whether the child has IMS through a comprehensive assessment.
How is IMS treated?
The principles of IMS treatment are rapid cooling, hypoxia management, adjustment of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and symptomatic treatment. Treatment measures include:
1、Rapid cooling: transfer the child to a well-ventilated environment, undress to dissipate heat, wipe the body with a wet towel, and give medication to lower the temperature if necessary.
2、Correcting hypoxemia: maintain a patent airway, provide oxygen, apply mechanical ventilation if necessary.
3、Correcting dehydration and metabolic derangements: give fluid to therapy to correct dehydration, metabolic acidosis and other electrolyte imbalances.
4、Symptomatic treatment: apply interventions for seizures, coma and other symptoms.
It is recommended that parents follow the doctor’s suggestions, closely monitor the child’s conditions, and communicate with the doctor promptly.
How to prevent IMS?
The key to preventing IMS is to properly dress your baby and avoid overheating. Parents can choose appropriate warming measures according to the child's age, physical condition, weather, and temperature of the surrounding environment. Here are some suggestions to prevent IMS:
l Avoid over-dress or over-cover your child. You can dress baby in layers which allows you to easily adjust the attire based on temperature.
l Avoid cradle babies tightly in the arm or wrap up them warmly when sleep. Make sure there is enough space allowing them to move and breathe freely o
l Improve air quality indoors. Ensure proper ventilation with fresh and clean outdoor air and avoid indoor enclosed spaces
l Routine temperature checks. Regularly check your baby's temperature and monitor his/her physical condition to reassure yourself that baby is comfortable. If you are concerned about your baby’s temperature, excessive sweating or dehydration or behavior, do not hesitate to reach out to medical help.
In addition, parents will need to know the information about IMS and increase the awareness of prevention. It is crucial for parents and caregivers to monitor and identfy the signs of the IMS and take immediate actions if necessary.
Summary
IMS is a serious condition affecting infant and young children. With proper knowledge and preventive measures, you can ensure that your precious little one stays safe and comfortable in winter and stay away from IMS. Let's work together to create a safe and comfortable environment and heathier future for children.
作者：上海中医药大学2021级中西医结合专业
岳阳中西医结合儿科学班
吴语霏
文章审核暨栏目主编：蒋本然
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