又一篇好文来啦，请阁下细细品尝。有人说，一本好书最好读10遍才能掌握其精髓，但很少有人能够真的读一本书读10遍。如果只读一遍，该怎样读，怎样做笔记，才有可能收获相当于读10遍书的价值？这里教你5步法，帮你节省时间、记住更多精髓、高效掌握书本的内容。A mentor once told me, "is better to read one great book 10 times. Then read 10 books once." He reasoned, "if you only read a book once, you can't glean its powerful lessons." Simply, you don't retain enough Information from a single reading. What if you could only read a book once? An extract value as though you had read it 10 times? Is it possible? Yes. It's possible and straightforward. You merely need to change the way you read. Take notes, and absorb the Information.曾有一位导师告诉我，一本好书最好读十遍，然后读十本书一遍。他劝说道，如果你只读一本书一遍，你不可能汲取其深刻的经验教训。简单来说，你不从单一的阅读中得到足够的信息。如果一本书只读一遍会怎样？能像读了10遍一样收获精髓吗？可能吗？当然可以，而且很简单。你只需要改变你的阅读方式，做笔记，并汲取信息。Let's start with recognizing the obvious. Most non-fiction authors pad their books with superfluous content. Even the best books contain unnecessary anecdotes, examples, and explanations. It's basic economics. No customer is going to pay $25 for a hard cover book with 6000 words. Hence, publishers set a minimum word count. The extra padding can serve a useful purpose when done well. It enhances our understanding by demonstrating how a concept works and how it applies to real-world situations. But in most cases, it's overdone, forcing us to way through a mind full of junk to find a handful of gems.我们从浅显易懂开始。大多数非小说类作家用多余的内容填充他们的作品。即使是最好的书也包含不必要的轶事、案例和注释。这是基本的经济学道理。没有顾客会花25美元买一本只有6000字的精装书。因此，出版商设置了最低字数限制。如果书写得好，额外的内容填充起到很好的作用，可通过剖析概念以及解释这种概念如何适用于现实世界来强化我们的理解。但在大多数情况下，内容填充得过度了，迫使我们要在一堆垃圾内容中找到一小撮宝石。I use a simple process to harvest the gems and create a cliffs notes type of summary that cuts out 98% of the material. Instead of reading a book 10 times to drive home the lessons, read it once, go through the harvesting process, then read your summarized version 10 times or more. Here's how it works.我则用一种简单的流程来收获书本的精髓，并创建总结类读书笔记，这种方法剔除了98%的内容。而不是费力读一本书10遍才能提取深刻的经验，通过这种获取流程，只用读一遍书本，然后读你的总结版笔记10遍甚至更多遍。If this is the first time you're following this process, take five minutes to create a simple folder structure on your computer. Start by creating a folder called book notes. Within that folder, create some folders for the various categories of books you read. Yours will differ depending on the types of books you read. That's all you need to get started. Don't worry about neglecting categories. You can always tweak it later.以下是这种读书流程的操作方法。首先这么做，如果这是你第一次遵循这个读书流程，在您的计算机上花5分钟时间创建简单的文件夹架构。首先创建主文件夹，重命名为图书笔记。在该文件夹下，创建一些二级文件夹来储存你读过的各类书籍。你的文件夹将根据你所读的书籍类型而有所不同。这就是一开始你所要做的事情。不要担心漏掉类别，过后你可以随时调整你的文件夹。1. Reading and Marking阅读与标记Keep a pen handy as you read. Whenever you come across a passage of interest, a critical insight, or a profound statement, put a small asterisk next to it. Use the highlighting feature for electronic readers. If you're reading a physical book and hate marking up the pages, use a pencil instead of a pen. Or you can fold the bottom of the page down as an alternative method. This will disadvantage you somewhat as you'll have to reread the entire page to find the line or passage you wanted. Don't worry about redundancies or key insights that superseded earlier notations. Your next two phases will deal with that.阅读时随身携带一支笔。每当你遇到有趣的段落、重要的见解或深刻的阐述，在旁边划个小星号。使用电子阅读器的突出显示功能。如果你正在阅读一本实体书并且讨厌在书页上做标记，则用铅笔而不是用钢笔做记号。或者用另一种方法，那就是把书页的底部下折，作为替代方法。因为你需要再次阅读整个页面，这种方法对你有点不利，但这样你才能找到想要的行或段落。别担心冗余或重要见解取代了先前的符号法，用接下来的两个步骤来帮你。You finished reading your book. Congratulations. Now comes the fun part.你读完了你的书，祝贺你。现在是有趣的步骤。2. Harvesting获取信息Create a new document with a title of the book and its author. Thumb through your book starting on the first page. When you come to a marked or highlighted passage, reread it. Does it still seem important to you now that you've read the entire book? If so, type it into your document. As you go through the text, you'll find passages that are similar, even superior to the ones you've already noted. This happens in almost or nonfiction books. Authors repeat themselves, explain concepts in different ways, and use different analogies. When this happens, delete the old record and replace it with a new one. If you're unsure, record both. You will edit later. Always include the page number for books, or chapter and timestamp for audio books. So you can revisit the source material where necessary.创建一个带有书名和作者的新文档。从第一页开始浏览你的书。当你看到标出或突出显示的段落时，重读一遍。它对你来说还重要吗？现在你已经读完了整本书。如果重要，把它输入到你的文档中。当你浏览文本时，你会发现类似的段落甚至比你已划出的段落更好。这在多数书籍或非小说类书籍中都会出现。作者重复他用不同的方式解释概念，使用不同的类比。当这种情况出现时，删除旧的记录并用新的记录替换它。如果不确定，请同时记下这两个记录，稍后再编辑。始终包含书籍的页码或音频书籍的章节和时间戳，这样您可以在必要时重新阅读原材料。3. Editing编辑You‘ve transcribed the best of your book into a document. Now is time to whittle down your text into a manageable size. I recommend no more than three to five pages. Why so few? You're more inclined to revisit a 3-page document than a 20-page document. You can capture the best of most well-structured nonfiction books in three to five pages. Yes, there are exceptions, such as compilation books, and history and science books. If you harvest more than that, you likely have redundancies or multiple examples teaching the same point. Feel Free to reword your entries in a way that makes sense to you. Don't feel obligated to retain the author's exact words. The goal of reading any non-fiction book is to glean the lessons, writing the lessons in your own words will help with comprehension.你已经将您的书中最好的部分转录到文档中。现在是时候将您的文本压缩到可管理的大小。我建议不要超过三至五页。为什么这么少？你更乐意于重新查看一个3页的文档，而不是20页的文档。你可以抓住大部分结构好的非小说类书籍的精华，只需要3到5页的文档。是的，也有例外，比如说汇编类的书和历史和科学类书籍。如果你收获更多的话，你可能会用冗余的或者多个例子来教授同一个知识点。随意改写你的条目，以一种对你有意义的方式。不要觉得有义务保留作者的原话。阅读任何非小说类书籍的目的都是为了获取经验教训，用你自己的话写出经验教训将有助于理解。4. Mastery精通After finishing the editing process, read your book summary once a day for two weeks. A reminder that your summarized document should be no more than five pages. So this should be a doable task. Even if you start another book in the interim, if you want to gain even more from your book, pick out a few of the topics and write about them as though you were teaching it to others. You don't need to publish it. The mere act of organizing your thoughts and simplifying them into a narrative will enhance the retention process.在完成编辑过程后听一听，连续两周每天读一读书的摘要。提醒一下，你的摘要文档不能超过五页。所以这应该是一个可执行的任务。即使你在此期间开始另一本书，如果你想从你的书中获得更多，挑出几个主题并写下来，就像你在教别人一样。不需要你出版。仅仅是组织你的思想并把它们简化为一种叙述将会增强你的记忆过程。5. Categorization分类Let's pretend you follow this program for a year. You accumulate dozens of books. Will you read all of those summaries regularly? Probably not. That's why you should also create a best of the best document to capture the Top highlight of each category. An anthology of your most prized lessons. Do your best to keep this document short. You can leave out the author, book, and page references. If you need to keep an anecdote or short narrative, rewrite it into as few words as possible. Use this anthology as a means to trigger a memory about a particular technique or theory rather than re-reading the book.假设你遵循这个流程，读书一年。你积累了几十本书。你会定期阅读所有这些摘要吗？可能不会。这就是为什么你也应该创建最好的文档，来捕捉每个类别的亮点。你最宝贵的经验的选集。尽你最大的努力使这份文件简短。你可以省略作者、书籍和参考页码。如果你需要保留一段轶事或简短的叙述，把它改写成尽可能少的文字，用这本选集为手段触发你对特定的技术或理论记忆，而不是重新阅读这本书。By The School of Life译：Linda