存款人保护不力，汇丰银行被罚5.22亿元

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周毅钦

2024-01-30 23:46发布于上海财经领域创作者

PRA已对汇丰银行(HBEU)和汇丰英国银行(HBUK)(统称为两家公司)处以57,417,500英镑的罚款（按照1英镑 = 9.1人民币，折人民币5.22亿），原因是这2家银行多年来未能正确执行《存款人保护规则》中规定的要求，从而导致历史性的存款人保护失败。


其中包括未能准确识别有资格获得金融服务补偿计划(FSCS)保护的存款。HBEU在2015年至2022年期间出现失败，HBUK在2018年至2021年期间出现失败。这笔罚款是PRA征收的第二高罚款，反映了违规行为的严重性。


笔者想，这是典型的数据标签打错了，属于统计差错，不清楚汇丰会不会因此而漏交存款保险保费。


存款保险现在越来越重要，人行存款保险信息系统已上线2年，1104报表《G27主要负债项目明细表》也按照个人存款客户和单位存款客户的单户存款本金和应付利息总额是否超过50万划分了区间。


实际在统计中也很难保证完全准确，难点在于：一是要能够识别客户是否为同一被保护客体。二是要能把本金和应付利息按照同一客户分类汇总。三是一些社保基金SPV要穿透识别被保护对象。


汇丰银行罚款金额的确有点狠，在中国如果按照统计问题来罚估计可能也就罚50万，但存款保险属于人民银行管，反洗钱的罚单金额都很大，建议对境内外资银行也查一查，看看是不是漏保护了我们3位数的存款。



The PRA has fined HSBC Bank plc (HBEU) and HSBC UK Bank plc (HBUK) (together, the Firms) £57,417,500 for historic depositor protection failings arising from the Firms’ failures over many years to properly implement the requirements set out in the Depositor Protection Rules.
PRA已对汇丰银行 (HBEU) 和汇丰英国银行 (HBUK) 两家公司处以57,417,500英镑的罚款，原因是这些公司多年来未能正确执行《存款人保护规则》中规定的要求。
News release
The PRA has fined HSBC Bank plc (HBEU) and HSBC UK Bank plc (HBUK) (together, the Firms) £57,417,500 for historic depositor protection failings arising from the Firms’ failures over many years to properly implement the requirements set out in the Depositor Protection Rules. These included the failure to accurately identify deposits that were eligible for Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) protection. The failings occurred for HBEU between 2015 and 2022, and for HBUK between 2018 and 2021. This fine, the second highest imposed by the PRA, reflects the seriousness of the failings. 
PRA已对汇丰银行(HBEU)和汇丰英国银行(HBUK)(统称为两家公司)处以57,417,500英镑的罚款，原因是这些公司多年来未能正确执行《存款人保护规则》中规定的要求。其中包括未能准确识别有资格获得金融服务补偿计划(FSCS)保护的存款。HBEU在2015年至2022年期间出现失败，HBUK在2018年至2021年期间出现失败。这笔罚款是PRA征收的第二高罚款，反映了违规行为的严重性。
HSBC Fine
The Depositor Protection Rules require firms to put in place adequate systems and controls, and governance, to ensure the integrity of critical information which the FSCS relies upon to make prompt payments to depositors in the event of a firm failure. HBEU’s depositor protection failings were so significant the PRA determined that it had materially undermined the firm’s readiness for resolution.
《存款人保护规则》要求公司建立适当的系统、控制和治理，以确保关键信息的完整性，金融服务支付系统依靠这些信息在公司倒闭时迅速向存款人支付款项。HBEU的存款人保护失误如此之大，以至于PRA认定对存款人保护规则造成严重破坏。
HBEU also failed to be duly open and cooperative with the PRA in not alerting the PRA over an approximately 15-month period about problems identified in the incorrect marking of accounts as “eligible” for FSCS protection. This was clearly information which the PRA would expect firms to share fully and in a timely way.
HBEU也没有与PRA充分公开和合作，在大约15个月的时间里没有提醒PRA关于错误将账户标记为“符合”FSCS保护“的问题。这显然是PRA希望公司充分和及时地分享的信息。
This meant the Firms breached Fundamental Rules 2 and 6, as well as Depositor Protection Rules 11, 12 and 14. HBEU was also found to have breached Depositor Protection Rule 50, and Fundamental Rules 7 and 8. This is the first PRA enforcement action in relation to Fundamental Rule 8, which states that firm must prepare for resolution so, if the need arises, it can be resolved in an orderly manner with a minimum disruption of critical services.
这意味着这些公司违反了基本规则2和6，以及存款人保护规则11、12和14。HBEU还被发现违反了《存款人保护规则》第50条，以及《基本规则》第7条和第8条。这是与基本规则8相关的首次PRA执法行动，该规则规定公司必须为解决方案做好准备，以便在需要时可以有序地解决，同时将对关键服务的干扰降至最低。
Sam Woods, Deputy Governor for Prudential Regulation and Chief Executive Officer of the PRA, said:
负责审慎监管的副行长兼PRA首席执行官SamWoods表示：
“The serious failings in this case go to the heart of the PRA’s safety and soundness objective. It is vital that all banks comply fully with our requirements around preparedness for resolution. HBEU fell far short of its obligations in this area, and failed to disclose its failings to us in a timely manner. These failures led to today’s action, including the significant fine.”
“本案中的严重失误是PRA安全和稳健目标的核心。至关重要的是，所有银行都必须完全遵守我们关于准备处置的要求。HBEU远远没有履行其在这方面的义务，未能及时向我们披露其失败之处。这些失败导致了今天的行动，包括巨额罚款。
The Firms’ failings included:
这些公司的失败包括：
The failure to assign clear ownership for the processes required under the Depositor Protection Rules; and
未能为《存款人保护规则》所要求的流程分配明确的所有权；和
The failure to ensure that a senior manager, under the Senior Managers and Certification Regime, was allocated responsibility for these processes and the integrity of the information required under the Depositor Protection Rules.
未能确保根据《高级管理人员和认证制度》指派一名高级管理人员负责这些程序和《存款人保护规则》所要求的信息的完整性。
HBEU’s failings further included:
HBEU的失败还包括：
Incorrectly marking 99% of its eligible beneficiary deposits as ‘ineligible’ for FSCS protection;
错误地将99%的合格受益存款标记为“不符合”FSCS保护条件；
Providing an incorrect attestation to the PRA confirming its systems satisfied certain requirements of the Depositor Protection Rules; and
向PRA提供不正确的证明，确认其系统满足《存款人保护规则》的某些要求；和
Failing to produce finalised versions of annual reports required to be signed by its board of directors that confirmed compliance with the requirements of the Depositor Protection Rules for multiple years.
未能提供需要董事会签署的年度报告的最终版本，以确认多年来遵守《存款人保护规则》的要求。
The Firms’ cooperation throughout the investigation, including the early admission of certain rule breaches, resulted in a 15% reduction to the penalty. The Firms agreed to resolve the matter and therefore qualified for a further 30% reduction in the fine. Without these reductions, the fine imposed by the PRA would have been £96.5m. The PRA does not consider that the Firms’ breaches were deliberate or reckless.
两家公司在整个调查过程中的合作，包括提前承认某些违规行为，使罚款减少了15%。两家公司同意解决此事，因此有资格进一步减少30%的罚款。如果没有这些减少，PRA征收的罚款将是9650万英镑。PRA不认为这些公司的违规行为是故意或鲁莽的。
The Bank of England publishes new enforcement policies
英国央行发布新的执法政策
Following a period of consultation, the Bank of England (Bank) and the PRA today have also published Policy Statement PS1/24, which sets out the revised approach to enforcement for both PRA firms and financial market infrastructure firms. This includes revisions to the procedures of the Bank’s Enforcement Decision Making Committee (EDMC). The revised policies set out a new path for early cooperation and greater incentives for early admissions with the aim of speeding up investigations in appropriate cases. PS1/24 further sets out the PRA’s policies and procedures for making supervisory and non-enforcement statutory notice decisions. Today’s fine imposed by the PRA on HBEU and HBUK was under the PRA’s pre-existing penalty policy.
经过一段时间的咨询，英格兰银行(银行)和PRA今天还发布了政策声明PS1/24,其中列出了PRA公司和金融市场基础设施公司的修订执法方法。这包括对世行执法决策委员会(EDMC)程序的修订。修订后的政策为早期合作开辟了一条新途径，并加大了对早期入院的激励措施，目的是加快对适当案件的调查。PS1/24进一步规定了PRA制定监督和非执行法定通知决定的政策和程序。PRA今天对HBEU和HBUK处以的罚款是根据PRA先前存在的处罚政策进行的。
The Bank expects to consult on further amendments to its enforcement policies in 2024, reflecting the additional powers granted under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023.
该银行预计将在2024年就其执法政策的进一步修订进行磋商，以反映2023年《金融服务和市场法》授予的额外权力。
Both HBUK and HBEU are wholly owned subsidiaries of HSBC Holdings plc. HBUK began trading on 1 July 2018 in advance of the introduction of ‘ring-fencing’ in the UK. Prior to this point, HBEU alone was subject to the UK regulatory framework in relation to deposit protection. Since July 2018, HSBC’s UK operations have been split between its ring-fenced (i.e. retail) (HBUK) and non-ring-fenced (HBEU) entities. Both are Category 1 PRA-authorised firms, meaning they have the capacity to cause significant disruption to the UK financial system if they were to fail.
HBUK和HBEU都是汇丰控股有限公司的全资子公司，HBUK于2018年7月1日在英国引入“围栏”之前开始交易。在此之前，只有HBEU受到英国有关存款保护的监管框架的约束。自2018年7月起，汇丰的英国业务已分为零售(HBUK)和非零售(HBEU)实体。这两家公司都是PRA授权的1类公司，这意味着如果它们倒闭，它们有能力对英国金融体系造成重大破坏。
This is the second largest fine the PRA has imposed to date. The highest fine was £87m imposed on Credit Suisse in July 2023.
这是PRA迄今为止处以的第二大罚款。最高的罚款是2023年7月对瑞士信贷处以的8700万英镑。
Supervisory statement SS 18/15: Depositor and dormant account protection
监督声明SS18/15:存款人和休眠账户保护
The Firms breached Fundamental Rules 2 and 6, as well as Depositor Protection Rules 11, 12 and 14. HBEU was found to have breached Depositor Protection Rule 50, and Fundamental Rules 7 and 8.
这些公司违反了基本规则2和6,以及存款人保护规则11、12和14。HBEU被发现违反了《存款人保护规则》第50条，以及《基本规则》第7条和第8条。
Fundamental RulesOpens in a new window: Fundamental Rule 2 - A firm must conduct its business with due skill, care and diligence; Fundamental Rule 6 - A firm must organise and control its affairs responsibly and effectively; Fundamental Rule 7 - A firm must deal with its regulators in an open and co-operative way, and must disclose to the PRA appropriately anything relating to the firm of which the PRA would reasonably expect notice; and Fundamental Rule 8 - A firm must prepare for resolution so, if the need arises, it can be resolved in an orderly manner with a minimum disruption of critical services;
基本规则基本规则2-公司必须以应有的技能、谨慎和勤勉的态度开展业务；基本规则6-公司必须负责任和有效地组织和控制其事务；基本规则7-公司必须以公开和合作的方式与监管机构打交道，并且必须适当地向PRA披露与该公司有关的任何事项，而PRA合理地期望得到通知；以及基本规则8-公司必须为解决方案做好准备，以便在需要时可以有序地解决，同时将对关键服务的干扰降至最低。
Depositor Protection RulesOpens in a new window: Depositor Protection Rule 11 - Marking and information requirements; Depositor Protection Rule 12 - Single customer view requirements; Depositor Protection Rule 14 - Single customer view and exclusions view reporting; and Depositor Protection Rule 50 - Transitional provisions: single customer view.
存款人保护规则：存款人保护规则11-标记和信息要求；存款人保护规则12-单一客户视图要求；存款人保护规则14-单一客户视图和排除视图报告；以及《存款人保护规则》第50条——过渡性条款：单一客户观点。